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| Routine
of Work Specie: Geochelone Carbonaria Regimen of Creation: Intensive Sanitary Handling 1. Clinical evaluation of the animals of the farm; 2. Writs of prevention: parasitic analysis, bacterial analysis, preventive therapeutic, autopsy of the dead animals;
3. Adoption of therapeutical cure ; 4. Hygienic cleaning of the installations.
Nutritional Handling 1. Adoption of supplements;
2. Formularisation of diet, according to age and the physiological condition;
3. Alimentary correction, according to nutritional requirement; 4. Adoption of "Comedouro Alimentar".
Feeding The tortoise, unlike many people might think, must receive a good quality, diversified diet. The majority of people however fail to feed them properlly. For that reason some animals get sick due to a lack of vitamins and minerals. For hardening of the carapace provide them calcium in adequate amounts (for supplemental of calcium, sprinkle over the food dry and triturated egg rinds at least three times a week). Tortoises are omnivorous. They need to be fed with animal protein (small vertebrates, earthworms, insects, etc...) and vegetable fibers (foliages, vegetables and fruits). You must feed tortoises daily and remove it if still present before any signs of decomposition show. The following are diet suggestions for your pet/animal and these elements should be given either together or be alternated throughout the week in order for your tortoise to remain happy and healthy: 1. Vegetables - 85% of the diet: Leaves of mustard, beetroot, watercress, borecole, parsley, broccolis, spinach, cabbage, carrot, petals of roses, hibiscuses (petals and leves), seeds of white beans and green beans, peas, lentils, corn (also know as: maize), and a variety of vegetables like carrot, beetroot, string beans, pumpkins, sweet potato, etc. 2. Fruits - 10% of the diet: Grape, avocado, apple, pear, pineapple, strawberry, mango, papaya, melon, banana, tomato, fig, watermelon, blackberry, mulberry, nectarine, etc. 3. Animal protein in high concentrations - less than 5% of the diet: Ration for turtles, supplements to the base of shrimps and raw milled meat. You can also feed them with dog's food, sardine with bones or boiled eggs with peel. Genetic Improvement 1. Characterisation of an animal genetically resistant; 2. Caracterização genética de indivíduos resistentes às enfermidades. Reproductive Handling 1. Choice of reproducers and matrices of good genetic quality;
Environmental Handling/Housing 1. Adaptation of the dimensions of the enclosures needs to meet and conform to the demands of the species and the Normative Instructions of the Environmental Federal Agency;
2. Adoption of the System of Stall: Reproduction Stall, Nursery Stall and of Discarding Stall; 3. Maintenance of the native vegetation;
4. Maintenance of the natural area.
When a tortoise is young it can be held in captivity in wooden boxes. The dimensions of the box should be seven to ten times bigger than the size of the tortoise's hoof (also known as: carapace). The lining (carpeting) can be made of natural grass (do not use artificial grass), beaten land, carpet for reptile, triturated rind of tree (vegetal carpeting for maintenance of reptiles) or even newspaper (ideal for nestlings). The tortoise also needs space to walk. Make sure to provide them with a firm ground and soil to walk in. Slippery floor, like tiles and a wooden floor might cause defects in your pet. Ideal Environment The diurne reptiles need sun light. It is very important that your pet be exposed to the sun light for, at least, 15 minutes a day (in the morning or late afternoon). You can also make use of artificial light. Use specific light bulbs for reptiles with ultraviolet radiation B (UVB). The light bulb must be placed up to no further than 30 cm away from the tortoise, in order for the basal cells of the skin can synthecize the precursor of the D3 vitamin. The lack of of light may cause decalcification and rickets. It´s also necessary to provide a source of heating heating. The most suitable and practical are warm rocks or plates (both specific for maintenance of reptiles). Tortoises' shouldn´t be kept in captivity without a heat source, except in the regions where the weather is warm enough for them. When a tortoise is bigger than 15 cm is generally grown in external environments, like gardens. The floor must be grass or another non-abrasive material. This space must allow the sun incidence during some hours of the day. Some shelters, as stone burrows, and bushes must be part of this environment. Tortoise uses to shelter from the cold, mainly at night, in the burrows. Watch out for lakes and swimming pools, because they can fall in and drown. If you keep female tortoises in captivity, it is very important to provide them with a suitable site to dig their nests. If they don't find anywhere to bury their eggs they will accumulate them inside the body, resulting in death. Provide a shallow dish of fresh water for drinking and bathing in. Also it is very important to keep the water area always clean. Wash the containers of water and food daily and removes excrements, at least, three times a week. Most common diseases If the animals are kept in satisfactory conditions they hardly get sick. In temperature below the ideal, these animals might catch pneumonia. You can notice that if they always keep the head up and have a running nose. The humidity might unfasten the shield of the carapace (leaving the bones on view) causing infections by bacteria or fungi. A deformation of the format of the hoof commonly happen if the animal is kept in captivity without the correct illumination. Either a corrosion of the bony shield or an infection might' occur if they are kept on a rough surface. Some other problems might happen, like the penis and rectum turn out (in males) and eggs retention (in females). But the main illnesses are frequently associated to inadequate feeding (excess of papaya and lettuce), lack of vitamins and calcium supplement. It very important to always consult a veterinarian to clarify doubts and to ask some tips on how to keep your pets healthy.
Association of Education and Culture Pio Décimo Doctor Vicente Borelli Veterinarian Hospital Av. Tancredo Neves, s/n Aracaju - SE - BRAZIL Responsible Laboratories: Professor Marco Túlio R. Brasileiro Veterinary Doctor Laboratory of Parasitology Professor Clênio Bezerra Biologist Laboratory of Microbiology Professor Alexander Medical Luna Veterinarian Doctor Laboratory of Viorologia Professor Bernadete Moda Veterinarian Doctor Laboratory of Pathology and Autopsy Professor Neuza Marques Veterinary Doctor Section of Surgery Professor Eduardo Veterinary Doctor Section of Radiology Doctor Rodrigo Director of the Hospital
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